Spatial structure of wood composites in relation to processing and performance characteristics

Summary A rationale is presented for developing a mathematical model which describes a randomly packed, short-fibre-type wood composite. The model will utilize probability theory to insure random packing both in terms of flake position and orientation. Knowledge about the spatial relationship between wood elements will be used, in future, to predict a number of physical parameters associated with the composite structure. This will be accomplished by first developing a single-layer-flake model and subsequently proceeding to a multi-layer mat structure.Financial support for this work from NSERC/Canada through a strategic research grant is gratefully acknowledged     

青钱柳研究进展

青钱柳是我国独有珍稀植物。对青钱柳的开发利用价值及国内外的研究现状进行概述,并就青钱柳开发利用及研究方向进行了探讨。     

Ultrastructural and Extracellular Protein Changes in Cell Suspension Cultures of Populus euphratica Associated with Low Temperature-induced Cold Acclimation

Populus euphratica Olive is the only tree species that can grow in the saline land and also survive cold winters in northwest China, and it plays a very important role in stabilizing the vulnerable ecosystem there. A cell suspension culture was initiated from callus derived from plantlets of Populus euphratica. Cold acclimation was induced (LT50 of-17.5 ℃) in cell suspension at 4-5 ℃ in the dark for 30 days and the freezing tolerance increased from LT50 of-12.5 ℃ in nonacclimated cells to LT50 of-17.5 ℃ in cold-acclimated cells. Microvacuolation, cytoplasmic augmentation and accumulation of starch granules were observed in cells that were cold-acclimated by exposure to low temperatures. Several qualitative and quantitative changes in proteins were noted during cold acclimation. Antibodies to carrot extracellular (apoplastic) 36 kD antifreeze protein did not cross react on immunoelectroblots with extracellular proteins in cell suspension culture medium of Populus euphratica, indicating no common epitopes in the carrot 36 kD antifreeze protein and P euphratica extracellular proteins. The relationship of these changes to cold acclimation in Populus euphratica cell cultures was discussed.     

Cucubalugenin A, a new triterpenoid from Cucubalus baccifer.

A new triterpenoid, cucubalugenin A (1), has been isolated from the whole plant of Cucubalus baccifer. Its structure was elucidated by spectral methods.     

Relationships of climate change and tree ring of Betula ermanii tree line forest in Changbai Mountain

Based on the tree-ring growth characteristics of Erman＇s birch （Betula ermanii charm.） and the relationships between it and climatic ）＇actors at elevation of 1950m, the sensitivity of tree lines in Changbai Mountain to climatic factors was assessed. The results indicated tree line forest in Changbai Mountain had an obvious sensitivity to climate factors. However, difference from other study sits is that the main climatic control factor on tree-ring growth was not current growth season temperatures, as might be expected, but previous winter and current March temperature. Although the precipitation in the region was quite abundant, the tree-ring growth was still significantly correlated with the precipitation during previous winter and current spring. Additionally, climatic factors which influenced the Erman＇s birch growth were not the yearly variables, but seasonal and monthly variables. Therefore, the reported increase in yearly mean temperature and total yearly precipitation since 1980s was not responded by sustained increase in ring widths in recent decades.     

基于神经网络和颜色特征对木材进行分级的分析

为了解决木材的分级问题，提出了利用神经网络和木材表面颜色特征对木材进行分级的方法。利用竞争神经网络对114种不同树种进行粗分，然后再用BP神经网络算法对此进行验证，又对四种木材进行分类验证。从计算机分类分级仿真效果上看，达到了预期的目的。     

试论川西地区实施防护林体系建设的必要性

川西地区处于长江上游及其源头,是重要的水源涵养区,由于森林集中过伐,植被遭到破坏,森林的涵养水源和保持水土的功能削弱。为恢复川西地区绿色森林屏障,笔者提出将川西地区纳入防护林体系工程造林,以恢复和增加森林植被,形成合理的林种、树种结构,发挥涵水保土和改善生态环境的作用,使川西地区实现集生态、经济、社会效益为一体,协调发展的生态林业基地。     

Simulating responses of Northeastern China forests to potential climate change

IntroductionItissurethatpresentelevatiollsofCO2a11dotllergrcc11-housegasesinducedbyhumanactivitiesaren1akli1gglobalclimategothroughinexperielICedcl1anges(Scl1le-subgerl987).Thecurrentquasi-equilibriulllstatesofbio-sphereecosystCm,esPeciallyterrestrialecosystems,wouldbebrokenbecausetl1estructure,fu11ction,distributio11andtlledynamicsofanyexistedecosystemsareIberesultsoflongtermadaptationofbio-systemtocurrentclin1ate.Theec()systemsdistributedinhighlatitlldeareawouldhavemuchbiggerchai1ge(Bona…     

FORESTAR：A decision—support system for multi—objective forest management in Northeast China

Past monoculture forestry in China has contributed to countrywide ecological disasters and economic difficulties in forestry regions. China‘s new forestry programs, Natural Forest Conservation Program and Returning Farmlands to Forests Program, provide opportunities for ecosystem management of mountain forests in China. A decision support system, FORE-STAR, has been developed for better managing and protecting natural forests in Changbai Mountain area. It uses GIS-based forest inventory data at a scale of forestry bureau. The first version contains two sub-modules: forest operation and forest res-toration. Under each sub-module, users can compare several decision options and make optimal choices. It can help field for-esters, forest managers, and policy makers make multi-objective and consistent decisions in planning forest management at hierarchical administrative scales.     

茶秆竹生物量模型研究

在标准地调查的基础上，应用多种数学模型对茶秆竹各器官生物量进行相关性分析，建立了茶秆竹各器官间的咽归模型。可用于一定立地条件下的茶秆竹的生物量估测。